General surgery includes operations of:
Gastrointestinal tract, biliary system, spleen, pancreas, liver, breast and rectum, and hernias of the abdominal wall. Including surgery of the thyroid gland and related structures.
It is also responsible for non-cardiovascular thoracic surgery. In these areas of surgery is not necessary although a specialist general surgeon may specialize in one of them. But this is not the same in all countries. Some more is considered a specialty and super specialty means the verticalisation of its branches on a surgery. The specialty requires a great knowledge of both clinical and manual skills.
Most procedures require general surgical instruments with the exception of procedures rectal, breast, thyroid and lung, which require special instruments.
The minimally invasive surgical procedures avoid open invasive surgery in favor of closed or local surgery with less trauma. These procedures involve the use of laparoscopic devices and remote manipulation of instruments with indirect observation of the surgical field through an endoscope or similar device and are performed through the skin or a cavity in the body or an opening microstructure.
This may lead to short internships at the hospital, or allowing a patient does not need to be institutionalized. However, for safety and efficacy of each procedure, the doctor will decide what preventive measures taken as appropriate.
Laparoscopic surgery, also known as minimally invasive surgery (MIS), surgery keyhole or pinhole surgery is a hole in modern surgical technique in which operations are performed in the abdomen through small incisions (the usually 0.5-1.5cm) compared to larger incisions are needed in traditional surgical procedures.
Laparoscopic surgery includes operations within the abdominal or pelvic cavities, whereas surgery keyhole in the thoracic cavity or chest surgery is called Toraxcoscopic. Laparoscopic Surgery Toraxcoscopic and belong to the broader field of endoscopy.
The dominant element in laparoscopic surgery is the use of a laparoscope: a telescopic lens in the bar, which is usually connected to a video camera (one chip or three chip). Also we have a system of fiber optic cable connected to a cold light source (halogen or xenon), to illuminate the operating field, inserting a cannula or trocar from 5 to 10 mm for viewing the operating field. The abdomen is usually insufflated with carbon dioxide gas to create a performance and vision.
The abdomen is inflated substantially upward like a balloon (inflated), elevating the abdominal wall on the internal organs like a dome. The gas used is CO2, as is common with the human body and can be removed by the respiratory system and is absorbed by tissue and is not flammable, it is important that the electro-surgical devices are commonly used in laparoscopic procedures.
There are procedures such as cholecystectomy, where the benefit does not justify large surgical incisions, but there are others such as the operation Whiple (pancreatoduodenoctomía), where a large incision is irrelevant regarding the procedure itself, at least at present.
An elective CirLap can and should be open when the recommended time and impede their findings (and persist to endanger the patient, bleeding, injury of other organs, etc.) and is widely considered that the conversion is not considered a failure, but a criterion of safety, to what not to hesitate in making the decision.
Another situation occurs when hernioplasty in inguinal incision the size of the standard and the usual skills of the surgeon, are higher than the cost of the laparoscopic technique and its implementation, which is very high with respect to traditional open surgery, and only reserve situations of recurrent relapse or minimal extra comfort is paid for health insurance.
Advantages
There are a number of advantages for the patient with laparoscopic surgery to open procedures. These include:
Blood loss is minimal, so the risk of needing a blood transfusion is extremely low.
A smaller incision, reduces pain and shortens recovery time. With less pain, will need less medication to control it.
Although the processing time is often slightly longer hospital stay is less, and often high on the same day leading to a faster return to normal life.
Laparoscopic Robotic Technology
It is a laparoscopic robotic surgery machine. The process of minimally invasive surgery has been improved for decades with specialized tools. However, in recent years, electronic tools developed to assist surgeons.
Some features include:
Visual Enlargement · Use visual extension of a large screen vision improves visibility.
Stabilization · Decrecedor electromechanical vibration due to machinery or human hands unstable.
Simulators · Use of simulators specialized tools of virtual reality training to improve surgical skills of doctors. Generating a reduced number of incisions.
